PV yometseho PV yasobanuwe nkahantu ibicuruzwa bidafite ishingiro bya PV bigerageza kugera kumasoko. Ariko ibyo ntibishobora kurenganura, umuyobozi wa tekiniki n'umuyobozi wungirije wa PVOMB
Helmholtz-Zentrum i Berlin, wemera umurongo wabuze muri Bipv woherejwe mu masangano y'abaturage kubaka, inganda zubaka, n'abakora pv.
Kuva PV Ikinyamakuru
Ubwiyongere bwihuse bwa PV mu myaka icumi ishize yageze ku isoko ryisi yose ryashyizwe ku isi yose ryashyizwe ku mwaka, bivuze ko hafi miliyoni 350 kugeza kuri miliyoni 400 zashyizweho no kugurishwa buri mwaka. Ariko, kubahiriza mu nyubako ziracyari isoko rya niche. Nk'uko raporo iherutse kuva muri EU Horizon 2020 gusa ku bushakashatsi bwakozwe mu rwego rwa PV ryinjijwe mu mpu zitera mu 2016. Iyi mico ya MINUScule iratangaje cyane iyo urebye ingufu za 70 ku ijana. CO2 yose yakozwe kwisi yose irimburwa mu mijyi, kandi hafi 40 kugeza 50 ku bihamvye bya Grey Roouge byose bya gaze ya Greenhouse biva mu mijyi.
Kugira ngo akemure iki kibazo cya gaze ya gaze no guteza imbere amashanyarazi ku rubuga, Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y'Uburayi n'Inama Njyanama yatangijwe ku birori 2010/31 / EU ku nyubako ingufu z'ingufu, yatekerejweho nk '"hafi y'ingufu zeru (NZEB)". Amabwiriza akoreshwa mu nyubako nshya zose kugirango yubakwe nyuma ya 2021. Ku nyubako nshya zigomba kugorwa mu nzu, amabwiriza yagiranye n'igice mu ntangiriro z'uyu mwaka.
Nta ngamba zihariye zemewe kugera kumwanya wa Nzeb. Ba nyirubwite barashobora gusuzuma ibintu byuburyo bwo kwingufu nko kwishishoza, gukiza ubushyuhe, hamwe nibitekerezo byo kuzigama imbaraga. Ariko, kubera ko rusange ingufu zingana na rusange inyubako nintego ngenderwaho, umusaruro w'amashanyarazi ukora mu nyubako cyangwa uzengurutse inyubako ni ngombwa kugirango uhuze n'ibipimo by NZEB.
Ubushobozi n'ibibazo
Ntagushidikanya ko PV gushyira mubikorwa byingenzi bizagira uruhare runini mugushushanya inyubako zizaza cyangwa gusubira inyuma kw'ibikorwa remezo bihari. Ibisanzwe Nzeb bizaba imbaraga zitera mu kugera kuriyi ntego, ariko ntabwo ari wenyine. Kubaka Amafoto Yumwanya (Bipv) arashobora gukoreshwa mugukora ibice cyangwa hejuru kugirango utange amashanyarazi. Rero, ntamwanya winyongera hakenewe kugirango uzane pv nyinshi mumijyi. Ibishoboka byamashanyarazi bikozwe na pv bihuriweho na pv nini. Mugihe Ikigo cya Becquerel kiboneka muri 2016, ibishobora gusangira ibisekuruza bya bipv mu cyifuzo cy'amashanyarazi kirenze 30% mu Budage no mu bihugu byinshi byo mu majyepfo no mu bihugu 40 ku ijana.
Ariko kuki bipv ibisubizo bikinira gusa uruhare rwa marginal mubucuruzi bwizuba? Kuki badakunze kwitabwaho mu mishinga yo kubaka kugeza ubu?
Kugira ngo usubize ibyo bibazo, Ikidage Helmholtz-Zentrum Ubushakashatsi Centre Berlin (HZB) yakoze isesengura ry'ibisabwa umwaka ushize utegura abafatanyabikorwa mu bice byose bya Bipv. Ibisubizo byerekanaga ko ntaho habuze ikoranabuhanga kuri buri.
Mu mahugurwa ya HZB, abantu benshi baturutse mu nganda hubakwa, bakora imishinga mishya zubaka cyangwa imishinga ivuguruye, yemeye ko mu cyuho kijyanye n'ubushobozi bwa Bipv n'ikoranabuhanga rishyigikira. Abashitsi benshi, abategura, no kubaka ba nyirubwite ntibafite gusa amakuru ahagije yo guhuza tekinoroji ya PV mumishinga yabo. Nkigisubizo, haribisubizo byinshi bijyanye na Bipv, nkibishushanyo byose, igiciro kinini, kandi kikabuza. Kugira ngo utsinde ibyo bitagaragara, ibikenewe by'Abubatsi no kubaka ba nyir'ubwite bigomba kuba ku isonga, no gusobanukirwa uburyo aba bafatanyabikorwa babona ko bipv igomba kuba ishyirwa imbere.
Guhindura imitekerereze
Bipv iratandukanye muburyo bwinshi muburyo busanzwe bwimirasire yizuba, bisaba guhinduranya cyangwa gusuzumwa ibintu byerekana intungane. Niba ibicuruzwa byateguwe kugirango ihuze mubice byubaka, abakora bakeneye kwisubiraho. Abavoka, abubatsi, no kubaka abayituye babanje kwitega imikorere isanzwe mu ruhu rwo kubaka. Duhereye kubitekerezo byabo, igisekuru cyamashanyarazi ni umutungo winyongera. Usibye ibi, abashinzwe iterambere ryibice byinshi bya Bipv byabaye ngombwa ko basuzuma ibintu bikurikira.
- Gutezimbere ibiciro-bifatika kubisubizo byizuba-bikora ibintu bifite ubunini buhinduka, imiterere, ibara, no gukorera mu mucyo.
- Gutezimbere ibipimo nibiciro bishimishije (nibyiza kubikoresho byashyizweho, nko kubaka amakuru yerekana amakuru (bim).
- Kwishyira hamwe kwibintu bya PhotoVoltaic mubice bya paral viaçade binyuze muburyo bwo guhuza ibikoresho nibikoresho bitanga ingufu.
- Guhangana cyane ku gicucu cyigihe gito (cyaho).
- Guhagarara burundu no kwangiza umutekano mugihe kirekire hamwe nibisohoka mumashanyarazi, kimwe no gutuza no gutesha agaciro no gutesha agaciro isura (urugero: gutura mumabara).
- Gutezimbere ibitekerezo byo gukurikirana no kubungabunga guhuza nurubuga rwihariye (gusuzuma uburebure bwo kwishyiriraho, gusimbuza ibintu bifite inenge cyangwa ibintu bya FAçade).
- Kandi kubahiriza amategeko asabwa nkumutekano (harimo no kurinda umuriro), Kode yo kubaka, Kode yingufu, nibindi,
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-09-2022