Ejo, Umuryango w'ubumwe bw'ibihugu by'Uburayi watangaje ko inyandiko y'imyanda yo guhindura imipaka ya karubone (CBAM, CBAM, izashyirwa ahagaragara n'umushinga w'itegeko rya karubon) mu kinyamakuru Eu cyemewe. CBAM izatangira gukurikizwa umunsi nyuma yo gutangaza ikinyamakuru cyemewe cy'umuryango w'ubumwe bw'ibihugu by'Uburayi, ni ukuvuga 17 Gicurasi! Ibi bivuze ko uyu munsi, igiciro cya CARBON CARBON cyanyuze muburyo bwose kandi cyatangiye kumugaragaro!
Umusoro wa karubone ni uwuhe? Reka nguhe intangiriro ngufi!
CBAM nimwe mubice byibanze byuburayi "bikwiranye na 55" kugabanuka kugabanuka. Gahunda igamije kugabanya ibyuka bigize Leta ya Leta zumuryango wa EU bitarenze ku nshuro ya 1990 kugeza 2030. Kugira ngo iyi ntego igabanye ibipimo, bigabanye ingufu z'ibinyabiziga bya karubone, bishyiraho uburyo bwo kwagura imipaka ya Karuboni, hamwe n'imishinga y'amategeko 12 nshya.
Niba byavuzwe muri make mururimi ruzwi, bivuze ko EU yishyuza ibikomoka ku bicuruzwa bivuye mu bihugu byatutswe mu bihugu bya gatatu ukurikije imyuka ihumanya ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga.
Intego iyobowe cyane na EU kugirango ishyireho igiciro cya karubon nugukemura ikibazo cya "karubone. Iki nikibazo cyo guhangana nimbaraga za politiki yururimi rwa EU. Bisobanura ko kubera amabwiriza y'ibidukikije, Amasosiyete ya EU yimukiye mu turere afite umusaruro wo hasi, hatabayeho kugabanya imyuka ya karubone ku isi yose. Umusoro ku mupaka w'ubumwe bw'ibihugu by'Uburabura ugamije kurengera aba producer muri EU biterwa no kugabanuka kw'ibicuruzwa bidahwitse nko kwimura mu bihugu bifite mu mahanga, kugira ngo birinde "karubone."
Muri icyo gihe, gufatanya na CBAM, ivugurura rya sisitemu y'ubucuruzi bw'Uburayi (EU-Ets) nazo zatangizwa icyarimwe. Nk'uko umushinga w'ivugurura, amafaranga ya karubone yubure yubusa azakurwaho burundu muri 2032, kandi amafaranga yo kuvamo amafaranga yubuntu azakomeza kongera amafaranga yo guhumeka abaprodusers.
Dukurikije amakuru aboneka, CBAM izagerwaho muri sima, ibyuma, Aluminium, ifumbire, amashanyarazi, na hydrogen. Igikorwa cyo gutanga umusaruro wibicuruzwa ni karuboni hamwe ningaruka za karubone ni ndende, kandi bizagenda hejuru yizindi nganda mugice cyanyuma. CBAM izatangira gukora ku ya 1 Ukwakira, 2023, ifite igihe cy'inzibacyuho kugeza ku ya 2025. Umusoro uzatangizwa ku mugaragaro ku mubare w'ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu bihugu by'Uburayi mu mwaka, hanyuma bazagura umubare wa Placehouse wandikiye CBAM. Igiciro cyicyemezo kizabarwa gishingiye ku giciro cya cyamunara buri cyumweru cya eu ets, kigaragazwa mu kirere cya EUR / T. Muri 2026-2034, icyiciro cya Quotas yubusa munsi ya EU ets bizabera mugihe gisa na CBAM.
Ku mikino yose, gari ya karubone igabanya cyane guhatanira ibigo byo hanze no hanze kandi ni ubwoko bushya bwa bariyeri yubucuruzi, buzaba ingaruka nyinshi mugihugu cyanjye.
Mbere ya byose, igihugu cyanjye ni umufatanyabikorwa munini w'ubucuruzi n'isoko kinini by'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, ndetse n'inkomoko nini yo guhumeka karubone kuva muri EU. 80% by'imyuka ihumanya ikirere n'ibicuruzwa byoherejwe mu gihugu cyanjye byoherejwe mu gihugu, imiti, n'amabuye y'agaciro, ari aya mu nzego zo hejuru y'isoko rya EU Carbone. Bimaze gushyirwa mu mabwiriza y'umupaka wa karubone, bizagira ingaruka nini ku byoherezwa mu mahanga; Imirimo myinshi yubushakashatsi yakozwe imbaraga zayo. Kubijyanye namakuru atandukanye nibitekerezo (nkimyambaro yinyuma yibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga, ubukana bwa karubone, hamwe nigiciro cya karubone cyibicuruzwa bifitanye isano), imyanzuro izaba itandukanye cyane. Muri rusange bizera ko 5-7% byoherezwa mu mahanga mu Bushinwa mu Burayi bizagira ingaruka, kandi imirenge ya CBAM yohereza mu Burayi izatangira 11-13%; Igiciro cyoherezwa mu Burayi kiziyongera ku madolari agera kuri 100-300 ku mwaka, ubazwa ibicuruzwa byatewe na CBAM 'byoherezwa mu Burayi 1.6-4.8%.
Ariko icyarimwe, tugomba no kubona ingaruka nziza za politiki ya EU "Carbone" ku nganda zanjye zohereza ibicuruzwa mu gihugu no kubaka isoko rya karubone. Gufata Inganda n'icyuma nk'intangarugero, hari icyuho cya 1 kugeza hagati ya karubone y'igihugu cyanjye cyo kuvuza karubone kuri toni y'ibyuma na EU. Kugira ngo iki gihono cyo guhumeka, icyuma cy'icyuma cyanjye n'ibyuma by'ibyuma bigomba kugura ibyemezo bya CBAM. Dukurikije ibigereranyo, uburyo bwa CBAM buzaba ingaruka za miliyari zigera kuri 16 Yuan ku gitabo cy'ubucuruzi cy'icyuma cya 2.6. Nta gushidikanya ko ibyo bizamura igitutu cyoherezwa mu gihugu cyanjye n'icyuma cyanjye no guteza imbere impinduka zabo ku iterambere rito.
Ku rundi ruhande, kubaka isoko ry'igihugu cyanjye biracyafite ubukonje bwayo, kandi turacyashangura inzira zo kwerekana ikiguzi cy'umwuka w'ibyuka karurikira ku isoko rya karubone. Urwego rwibiciro byubu ntirushobora kwerekana neza urwego rwibigo byimbere mu ngo, kandi haracyari ibintu bidashize. Kubwibyo, mugihe cyo gushyiraho politiki "Igiciro cya Carbone", igihugu cyanjye gikwiye gushimangira itumanaho na EU, kandi rikareba ko kwigaragaza kwibintu byateganijwe. Ibi bizemeza ko inganda zanjye mu gihugu zishobora gukemura ibibazo biri imbere y "ibiciro bya karubone", kandi muri icyo gihe, kandi icyarimwe nteza imbere iterambere ry'isoko rya karubone.
Kubwibyo, kugihugu cyacu, aya ni amahirwe n'ikibazo. Ibigo byo murugo bigomba guhura nibibazo, kandi inganda gakondo zigomba kwishingikiriza kuri "iterambere ryiza ryiterambere no kugabanya karubone" kugirango ukureho ingaruka. Muri icyo gihe, inganda z'ikoranabuhanga mu gihugu cyanjye zishobora kwinjiza muri "amahirwe y'icyatsi". Biteganijwe ko Cbam ashishikariza kohereza ibicuruzwa bishya nk'inganda z'ubushinwa, yitegereza ibintu nk'ibihugu by'inganda nshya, bishobora gutwara ibisabwa mu bigo by'Abashinwa gushora imari mu Burayi.
Igihe cya nyuma: Gicurasi-19-2023