Imirasire y'izuba ni isoko idasubirwaho y'ingufu zishobora kubaho ku bantu kandi ifite umwanya w'ingenzi mu ngamba ndende z'ingufu z'ibihugu ku isi. Amashanyarazi mato mato yishingikiriza kumashanyarazi yizuba ya selile yoroheje, yoroheje kandi yoroheje, mugihe amashanyarazi ya silicon silicon afite ingufu nyinshi zo guhindura ingufu, ariko panne igomba kuba ifite umubyimba uhagije. Uyu munsi rero turibanda kubyiza nibibi byo kubyara amashanyarazi yoroheje no kubyara amashanyarazi ya silisiki.
I. Ibyiza byo kubyara amashanyarazi yoroheje
Bateri yoroheje ya firime ifite ibikoresho bike, uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora, gukoresha ingufu nke, guhora utanga umusaruro munini ahantu hanini, kandi urashobora gukoresha ibikoresho bihenze nkibirahure cyangwa ibyuma bitagira umwanda nka substrate. Bateri yoroheje ya firime yateje imbere inzira zitandukanye za tekiniki, zirimo CIGS (umuringa indium gallium selenide) tekinoroji yizuba ya firime yizuba, tekinoroji yoroheje ya firime yerekana amashusho ya tekinoroji yageze ku ntera, kandi ikinyuranyo kiri hagati yikigereranyo cyo guhinduranya amafoto ya batiri ya silikoni ya kirisiti kigenda kigabanuka buhoro buhoro.
Utugingo ngengabuzima duto duto dufite urumuri ruto rwiza kandi ikinyuranyo hagati yumucyo nizuba ryumuriro w'amashanyarazi bizagabanuka, bityo bikwiranye cyane no gukoreshwa mumashanyarazi ya PV. Birakenewe kandi cyane mukubaka amazu akingira izuba hamwe nizuba. Utugingo ngengabuzima duto cyane nk'ibice by'ingenzi bigize sisitemu yo gufotora, birashobora kuba byiza cyane kugirango tugere ku nyubako y’amafoto.
II. Ingaruka zo kubyara amashanyarazi yoroheje
Igipimo cyo guhinduranya amafoto ya selile ntoya ya selile ni gito, mubisanzwe hafi 8%. Ishoramari mu bikoresho n’ikoranabuhanga mu ngirabuzimafatizo ya firime yoroheje ni inshuro nyinshi z’utugingo ngengabuzima twa silisiki ya kristaline, umusaruro w’umusemburo w’izuba utanga umusaruro utari mwiza nkuko byakagombye, umusaruro w’umusaruro utari / microcrystalline silicon thin modules modules kuri ubu uri hafi 60% gusa, amatsinda ya CIGS yinganda zikora ni 65% gusa. Birumvikana ko ikibazo cyumusaruro, mugihe ubonye ubuhanga bukwiye bwumwuga ibicuruzwa bya firime bizashobora gukemura ikibazo.
III. ibyiza bya kristaline silicon yamashanyarazi
Igipimo cya Photovoltaque yo guhinduranya ingirabuzimafatizo ya silisiki ya kirisitiya iri hejuru, kandi igipimo cyo guhindura ingirabuzimafatizo zo mu rugo kristaline cyageze kuri 17% kugeza kuri 19%. Ikoreshwa rya batiri ya Crystalline silicon yateye imbere cyane, ibigo ntibikeneye guhinduka muburyo bwa tekiniki. Ishoramari ryibikoresho bya selile silicon selile ni rito, kandi ibikoresho byo murugo birashobora kuzuza ibyifuzo byinshi byumurongo utanga umusaruro.
Iyindi nyungu ya tekinoroji ya kristaline ni uburyo bwo gukora bukuze. Kugeza ubu, benshi mu bakora inganda za silicon monocrystalline barashobora kugera ku gipimo cy’umusaruro wa 98% cyangwa barenga, mu gihe umusaruro w’umusemburo wa silicon polycrystalline nawo uri hejuru ya 95%.
IV. Ingaruka zo kubyara amashanyarazi ya kirisiti
Urunigi rwinganda ruragoye, kandi ikiguzi ntigishobora kugabanuka cyane. Igiciro cyibikoresho fatizo gihindagurika cyane, kandi mumyaka yashize isoko mpuzamahanga ryabaye roller-coaster kuri polysilicon. Byongeye kandi, inganda za silicon ninganda zangiza cyane kandi zikoresha ingufu, kandi hari ibyago byo guhindura politiki.
Incamake
Utugingo ngengabuzima twa Crystalline twakozwe cyane cyane mubikoresho bya silikoni, birimo waferi ya boron na ogisijeni silicon nyuma yumucyo bizagaragara ku buryo butandukanye bwo kubora, uko boron na ogisijeni biri muri wafer ya silicon mu mucyo cyangwa uburyo bwo gutera inshinge biterwa na boron na ogisijeni, niko ubunini bwo kugabanya ubuzima bugaragara. Ugereranije na sisitemu yo mu bwoko bwa kirisiti ya silicon, ingirabuzimafatizo izuba ntisaba gukoresha ibikoresho bya silikoni, ni ubwoko bwa selile izuba rya amorphous silicon, zero attenuation.
Crystalline silicon sol selile yibicuruzwa nyuma yimyaka mike ikoreshwa, hazabaho uburyo butandukanye bwo kubora neza, ntabwo bigira ingaruka kumasoko yumuriro gusa, ahubwo binagabanya ubuzima bwa serivisi. Utugingo ngengabuzima duto cyane nk'ibisekuru bya kabiri by'ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi bifotora bikoreshwa cyane mu bihugu byateye imbere ku isi, igiciro cyacyo rwose gihenze cyane ugereranije na selile izuba rya kirisiti ya kirisiti, ntabwo gishobora kuba attenensiya, ubuzima bwa serivisi ndende nibindi biranga byemejwe, agaciro katewe no gukoresha igihe kirekire kazaba kari hejuru.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-16-2022