Maobane, European Union e phatlalalitse hore mongolo oa Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM, carbon tariff) o tla hatisoa ka molao ho EU Official Journal. CBAM e tla qala ho sebetsa letsatsi ka mor'a ho phatlalatsoa ha Official Journal of the European Union, ke hore, la 17 Motšeanong! Sena se bolela hore kajeno feela, tefiso ea khabone ea EU e fetile lits'ebetsong tsohle mme e qalile ho sebetsa ka molao!
Lekhetho la khabone ke eng? E-re ke u fe kenyelletso e khutšoanyane!
CBAM ke e 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa mantlha tsa moralo oa EU oa "Fit for 55". Morero ona o ikemiselitse ho fokotsa khabone ea linaha tseo e leng litho tsa EU ka 55% ho tloha maemong a 1990 ka 2030. Ho fihlela sepheo sena, EU e nkile letoto la mehato, ho kenyelletsa ho holisa karolo ea matla a tsosolositsoeng a matla, ho holisa 'maraka oa phepelo ea khabone, ho emisa thekiso ea khabone ea moeli oa EU, ho emisa thekiso ea khabone ea moeli oa EU. mochine, kakaretso ea likoloto tse ncha tse 12.
Haeba e akaretsoa feela ka puo e tsebahalang, ho bolela hore EU e lefisa lihlahisoa tse nang le khabone e ngata e tsoang linaheng tsa boraro ho latela khabone ea lihlahisoa tse tsoang kantle ho naha.
Sepheo se tobileng ka ho fetisisa sa EU ho theha litefiso tsa carbon ke ho rarolla bothata ba "carbon leakage". Bona ke bothata bo tobaneng le boiteko ba leano la boemo ba leholimo la EU. Ho bolela hore ka lebaka la melao e thata ea tikoloho, lik'hamphani tsa EU li falletse libakeng tse nang le litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa tlhahiso, e leng se entseng hore ho se be le phokotso ea tlhahiso ea carbon dioxide lefatšeng ka bophara. Lekhetho la moeli oa khabone la EU le ikemiselitse ho sireletsa bahlahisi ba ka hare ho EU ba tlas'a taolo e matla ea khabone, ho eketsa litefiso tsa litefiso tsa bahlahisi ba batlang ba fokola joalo ka lipehelo tsa ho fokotsa mosi le mehato ea taolo, le ho thibela likhoebo tse ka hare ho EU ho fetisetsa linaheng tse nang le litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa tlhahiso, ho qoba "khabone e lutlang".
Ka nako e ts'oanang, ho sebelisana le mochine oa CBAM, phetoho ea tsamaiso ea carbon ea European Union (EU-ETS) le eona e tla thakholoa ka nako e le 'ngoe. Ho latela moralo oa tokiso ea moralo, meputso ea mahala ea khabone ea EU e tla tlosoa ka botlalo ka 2032, 'me ho tlosoa ha meputso ea mahala ho tla eketsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ea bahlahisi.
Ho latela tlhaiso-leseling e teng, CBAM e tla qala ka samente, tšepe, aluminium, manyolo, motlakase le haedrojene. Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tsena e na le khabone e matla mme kotsi ea ho lutla ha carbon e phahame, 'me butle-butle e tla atoloha ho liindasteri tse ling hamorao. CBAM e tla qala ts'ebetso ea teko ka la 1 October, 2023, ka nako ea phetoho ho fihlela qetellong ea 2025. Lekhetho le tla qalisoa ka molao ka la 1 January, 2026. Barekisi ba tsoang linaheng tse ling ba tla hloka ho phatlalatsa palo ea thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling ho EU selemong se fetileng le likhase tsa bona tse patiloeng tsa mocheso selemo le selemo, ebe ba tla reka palo e lekanang ea litifikeiti tsa CBAM. Theko ea setifikeiti e tla baloa ho ipapisitsoe le theko e tloaelehileng ea fantisi ea beke le beke ea litumello tsa EU ETS, tse hlahisoang ho EUR/t likhase tsa CO2. Nakong ea 2026-2034, ho tlosoa ha li-quotas tsa mahala tlas'a EU ETS ho tla etsahala ka nako e ts'oanang le CBAM.
Ka kakaretso, litefiso tsa khabone li fokotsa haholo tlholisano ea likhoebo tsa kantle ho naha mme ke mofuta o mocha oa mokoallo oa khoebo, o tla ba le litlamorao tse ngata naheng ea heso.
Pele ho tsohle, naha ea heso ke balekane ba kholo ka ho fetisisa ba EU ba khoebo le mohloli o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling, hammoho le mohloli o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa khabone e tsoang linaheng tse tsoang linaheng tse ling. 80% ea khabone ea lihlahisoa tsa naha ea heso tse lipakeng tse romelloang ho EU li tsoa litšepe, lik'hemik'hale, le liminerale tseo e seng tsa tšepe, tseo e leng tsa makala a kotsi a lutlang haholo a 'maraka oa khabone oa EU. Ha e se e kenyelelitsoe taolong ea moeli oa carbon, e tla ba le tšusumetso e kholo ho li-export; Ho entsoe lipatlisiso tse ngata mabapi le tšusumetso ea eona. Tabeng ea lintlha tse fapaneng le menahano (joalo ka boholo ba tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tse tsoang kantle ho naha, matla a tlhahiso ea khabone, le theko ea khabone ea lihlahisoa tse amanang), liqeto li tla fapana haholo. Ka kakaretso ho lumeloa hore 5-7% ea kakaretso ea thepa ea Chaena ho ea Europe e tla ameha, 'me thepa ea thepa ea lekala la CBAM ho ea Europe e tla theoha ka 11-13%; theko ea thepa e romelloang Europe e tla eketseha ka lidolara tse limilione tse 100-300 tsa US ka selemo, e leng se ikarabellang bakeng sa thomello ea thepa e koahetsoeng ke CBAM ho ea Europe 1.6-4.8%.
Empa ka nako e ts'oanang, re boetse re hloka ho bona phello e ntle ea leano la EU la "tefiso ea khabone" indastering ea kantle ea naha ea heso le kaho ea 'maraka oa carbon. Ha re nka mohlala oa indasteri ea tšepe le tšepe, ho na le lekhalo la 1 tonne lipakeng tsa boemo ba khabone ea naha ea heso ka tone ea tšepe le EU. Ho koala sekheo sena sa tlhahiso, likhoebo tsa naha ea heso tsa tšepe le tšepe li hloka ho reka litifikeiti tsa CBM. Ho ea ka likhakanyo, mochine oa CBAM o tla ba le tšusumetso ea li-yuan tse ka bang limilione tse likete tse 16 khoebong ea tšepe ea naha ea heso, ho eketsa litefiso ka li-yuan tse ka bang limilione tse likete tse 2,6, ho eketsa litšenyehelo ka li-yuan tse ka bang 650 ka thane e le 'ngoe ea tšepe, le sekhahla sa moroalo oa lekhetho se ka bang 11%. Ntle le pelaelo sena se tla eketsa kgatello ya diyantle ho dikgwebo tsa naha ya heso tsa tshepe le tshepe le ho kgothalletsa phetoho ya tsona ho ntshetsopele ya khabone e tlase.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, kaho ea 'maraka oa khabone naheng ea heso e ntse e qala, 'me re ntse re hlahloba mekhoa ea ho bonts'a litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ea khabone ka' maraka oa carbon. Boemo ba hajoale ba theko ea khabone ha bo khone ho bonts'a boemo ba litheko tsa likhoebo tsa lehae ka botlalo, 'me ho ntse ho na le lintlha tse ling tseo e seng tsa litheko. Ka hona, ha ho etsoa leano la "carbon tariff", naha ea heso e lokela ho matlafatsa puisano le EU, 'me ka ho utloahalang e nahane ka pontšo ea lintlha tsena tsa litšenyehelo. Sena se tla netefatsa hore diindaseteri tsa naha ya heso di ka sebetsana hantle le diphephetso tse tobane le “ditefiso tsa khabone”, mme ka nako e tshwanang di kgothaletse ntshetsopele e tsitsitseng ya kaho ya mmaraka wa khabone naheng ya heso.
Ka hona, bakeng sa naha ea rona, sena ke monyetla ebile ke phephetso. Likhoebo tsa lehae li hloka ho tobana le likotsi, 'me liindasteri tsa setso li lokela ho itšetleha ka "ntlafatso ea boleng le phokotso ea khabone" ho felisa litlamorao. Ka nako e ts'oanang, indasteri ea theknoloji e hloekileng ea naha ea heso e ka tlisa "menyetla e tala". CBAM e lebelletsoe ho Khothalletsa thomello ea liindasteri tse ncha tsa matla joalo ka photovoltaics naheng ea China, ho nahanoa ka lintlha tse kang khothatso ea Europe ea tlhahiso ea lehae ea liindasteri tse ncha tsa matla, tse ka bakang keketseho ea tlhoko ea lik'hamphani tsa China ho tsetela ho mahlale a matla a hloekileng Europe.
Nako ea poso: May-19-2023