Izolo, i-Unian Union ibhengeze ukuba isicatshulwa sendlela yohlengahlengiso lwekharbon lomda (i-CBAM, iRhabo yeRhafu) iBhili iya kupapashwa ngokusemthethweni kwijenali esemthethweni ye-EU. I-CBAM iza kungena ngosuku emva kopapasho lwejenali esemthethweni ye-European Union, oko kukuthi, 17! Oku kuthetha ukuba namhlanje, irhafu ye-carbon riff igqithile kuzo zonke iinkqubo kwaye yaqala ukusebenza ngokusesikweni.
Yintoni irhafu yekhabhoni? Makhe ndikunike intshayelelo emfutshane!
I-CBAM yenye yeendawo eziphambili ze-EU "ilungele isicwangciso sokunciphisa ukunciphisa. Esi sicwangciso sijolise ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwe-Carbon's 'ye-Carbon nge-55% ukusuka kumanqanaba e-1990 nge-200 amanqanaba eemoto ze-subbon, kunye nokumisela i-Carbon Rices, kunye nexabiso elitsha le-carbon lomda, itotali ye-12.
Ukuba ishwankathelwe nje ulwimi oludumileyo, kuthetha ukuba iintlawulo ze-EU zihlawula iimveliso ezivela kwikhabhoni ephezulu ezingeniswe ukusuka kumazwe wesithathu ngokwe-carbon yokuphuma kweemveliso ezingeniswayo.
Eyona njongo ingqalileyo ye-EU ukuseta irhafu ye-carbon kukusombulula ingxaki ye "Carbon Leage". Le yingxaki ejongene neenzame zemozulu ye-EU. Kuthetha ukuba ngenxa yeMigaqo yeNdawo esingqongileyo, iinkampani ze-EU ziye zatshintshelwa kwimimandla enemveliso esezantsi, ezikhokelela ngaphandle kokuncitshiswa kwe-carbon dioxide kwindawo yehlabathi. Irhafu ye-EU ye-Carbon ijolise ekukhuseleni abavelisi ngaphakathi kwe-EU ephantsi kolawulo lwe-carbon engqongqo, kunye nokunqanda iindleko zerhafu, kunye nokunqanda "ukuvuza kwekhabhoni".
Kwangelo xesha, ukusebenzisana nendlela ye-CBAM, utshintsho lwenkqubo yokuthengisa ye-Carbon Union (i-EU-ECS) nayo iya kukhutshwa ngaxeshanye. Ngokwesicwangciso sokuhlengahlengiswa esiyilwayo, izibonelelo ze-carbon zasimahla ze-EU ziya kurhoxiswa ngokupheleleyo ngo-2032, kwaye ukurhoxiswa kwezibonelelo zasimahla kuya kwandisa iindleko zokuphuma kwabavelisi.
Ngokutsho kolwazi olukhoyo, i-CBAM iya kusebenza kwisamente, intsimbi, i-aluminium, isichumisi, umbane, kunye ne-hydrogen. Inkqubo yemveliso yezi mveliso i-carbon-inzulu kwaye umngcipheko wokwenza i-carbon leakage uphezulu, kwaye kuya kukhathalelwa ngokuthe ngcembe kwamanye amashishini kamva. I-CBAM iza kuqala ukusebenza nge-1 ka-Okthobha, de kube sekupheleni kuka-2025. Irhafu iya kuzisa inani leempahla ezingeniswe kwi-EU kunyaka we-GBAM kwizatifikethi. Ixabiso lezatifikethi liya kubalwa ngokusekwe kwixabiso eliphakathi le-EUS le-EU ye-EU, eboniswe kwi-EUR / T I-EC2 ye-CO2. Ngexesha le-2026-2034, isigaba-ngaphandle kwe-quotas yasimahla phantsi kwe-EU ye-EU iya kwenzeka ngokuhambelana ne-CBAM.
Kuzo zonke iirhafu zekhabhoni kakhulu zinciphisa ukukhuphiswano lwamashishini angaphandle angaphandle kwaye luhlobo olutsha lweerrinte, oluya kuba neempembelelo ezininzi kwilizwe lam.
Okokuqala, ilizwe lam liqabane elikhulu le-EU kwaye owona mthombo ungenise ngaphakathi kwimpahla yezorhwebo, kunye nomthombo omkhulu we-cikiso ye-cirbon ukuphuma kwi-eu. Iipesenti ezingama-80 zokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yemveliso yelizwe lam eziphakathi ezithunyelwe kwi-EU zivela kwizinyithi, iikhemikhali, kunye namaziko angenamngcipheko aphezulu kwintengiso ye-EU Carbon. Xa sele ifakwe kwiMigaqo yeBarbon Border, iya kuba nefuthe elikhulu ekuthumezwe ngaphandle; Umsebenzi omninzi wophando wenziwe kwimpembelelo yayo. Kwimeko yedatha eyahlukileyo kunye nokucinga (njengenqanaba lokukhupha iimveliso ezingeniswayo, ukuqiniswa kwekhabhoni yokuphuma, kunye nexabiso lekhabhoni yeemveliso ezinxulumene noko), izigqibo ziya kwahluka kakhulu. Kuyakholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba i-5-7% ye-China iyonke i-China iya kuchaphazeleka, kwaye i-CBA yecandelo le-CBAM kwiYurophu iya kuhla nge-11-13%; Ixabiso lokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe eYurophu liya kunyuka malunga ne-100-300 yezigidi zeedola zaseMelika ngonyaka, i-Accounting yeemveliso ezigqunywe yi-CBAM kwiYurophu 1.6-4.8%.
Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka sibone umgaqo-nkqubo oqinisekileyo woMgaqo-nkqubo we-EU "yeRhabol" kwiShishini leLizwe lase-EU "kwiShishini leLizwe lam kunye nokwakhiwa kwentengiso yekhabhoni. Ukuthatha ishishini le-iron kunye ne-SEEE njengomzekelo, kukho umsantsa we-1 yetoni phakathi kwenqanaba le-carbon yelizwe lam ngetoni nganye yentsimbi yentsimbi kunye ne-EU. Ukwenza lo msebenzi wokukhupha, intsimbi yentsimbi yelizwe kunye namashishini entsimbi kufuneka athenge izatifikethi ze-CBAM. Ngokutsho koqikelelo, indlela ye-CBAM iya kuba nefuthe elimalunga ne-16 yeebhiliyoni yuan kwi-bit yentsimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi, yonyusa i-Yuan ye-Yuan ye-YUAN, inyusa i-YUAN kwitoni yentsimbi, kunye nomthwalo werhafu malunga ne-11%. Oku kuyakwandisa uxinzelelo lokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe kumashishini am athunyelweyo kunye namashishini ensimbi kwaye akhuthaze utshintsho lwabo lokuphuhlisa i-carbon.
Kwelinye icala, ukwakhiwa kwentengiso yelizwe lethu kusekwe kubusane, kwaye sisakhangela iindlela zokubonisa indleko zokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngemakethi yekhabhoni. Inqanaba le-carbon elikhoyo alinakubonisa ngokupheleleyo inqanaba lamaxabiso amashishini asekhaya, kwaye kusekho izinto ezingezoxabiso. Ke ngoko, kwinkqubo yokuqulunqa umgaqo-nkqubo "wexabiso le-carbon", ilizwe lam kufuneka bomeleze unxibelelwano ne-EU, kwaye iqwalasele ngokubonakalayo kwezi zinto zexabiso. Oku kuyakuqinisekisa ukuba amashishini elizwe lam angakwazi ukujongana ngcono nemiceli mngeni ebusweni 'kwirhafu yecarbon ", kwaye kwangaxeshanye akhuthaze uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lwentengiso ye-carbon yam yendawo yentengiso yelizwe.
Ke ngoko, kwilizwe lethu, eli lithuba elizweni kunye nocelomngeni. Amashishini asekhaya kufuneka ajongane nemingcipheko, kunye nemizi mveliso yemveli kufuneka ixhomekeke "kuphuculo lomgangatho kunye nokuncitshiswa kwekhabhoni" ukuphelisa iimpembelelo. Kwangelo xesha, ishishini lam letekhnoloji yelizwe elicocekileyo linokubhalisa "ngamathuba aluhlaza". I-CBAM kulindeleke ukuba ikhuphe ukukhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwamashishini amatsha anjengeefotovoltaics ezinjengeefoto ze-China, ezithatha izinto zeakhawunti ezinokuqhuba iinkampani zamandla ase-China ukuze zityale imali kubuchwepheshe bamandla eYurophu.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: I-19 ukuya kwi-1923