Izolo, i-European Union yamemezela ukuthi umbhalo wendlela yokulungiswa komngcele wekhabhoni (CBAM, i-Carbon Cariff) uzoshicilelwa ngokusemthethweni kwi-EU Official Journal. I-CBAM izongenela usuku ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwejenali esemthethweni ye-European Union, okungukuthi, Meyi 17! Lokhu kusho ukuthi namhlanje, i-EU Carbon Tariff idlule kuzo zonke izinqubo futhi yaqala ukusebenza!
Yini intela yekhabhoni? Ake ngikunikeze isingeniso esifushane!
I-CBAM ingenye yezingxenye ezibalulekile ze-EU "Fit Fit for 55" Deaction Deaction Plan. Uhlelo luhlose ukunciphisa ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamalungu e-eU States ngo-55% kusuka kumazinga ka-1990 ngonyaka ka-2030. Ukufeza le nhloso ye-EU Carbon, ukumisa ukuthengiswa kwezimoto zikaphethiloli, kanye nokusungula indlela yokulamula yomngcele wekhabhoni, ingqikithi yezikweletu ezintsha eziyi-12.
Uma kumane kufingqiwe ngolimi oludumile, kusho ukuthi imikhiqizo ye-EU ikhokhisa imikhiqizo ephezulu yekhabhoni engeniswe emazweni angaphandle ngokulandela imikhiqizo yekhabhoni yemikhiqizo engenisiwe.
Inhloso eqondile kakhulu ye-EU ukusetha amanani e-carbon ukuxazulula inkinga ye- "carbon avuza". Le yinkinga ebhekene nemizamo yenqubomgomo yesimo sezulu ye-EU. Kusho ukuthi ngenxa yemithethonqubo eqinile yezemvelo, izinkampani ze-EU ziye zashintshela ezifundeni ezinezindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukuphuma emzimbeni we-carbon dioxide ngezinga lomhlaba wonke. Intela yomngcele we-EU Carbon ihlose ukuvikela abakhiqizi ngaphakathi kwe-EU engaphansi kokulawulwa okuqinile kwekhabhoni, futhi bavimbele amabhizinisi ngaphakathi kwezindleko zokunciphisa nokulawula izindleko ezinezindleko eziphansi zokuphuma, ukugwema "ukuvuza kwekhabhoni".
Ngasikhathi sinye, ukusebenzisana ne-CBAM Mechanism, ukuguqulwa kohlelo lwe-European Union Carbon Ukuhweba (i-EU-ETS) kuzokwethulwa nalo kanyekanye. Ngokusho kohlelo lokubuyiswa kohlaka, izimvume ze-carbon zamahhala ze-EU zizohoxiswa ngokuphelele ngo-2032, futhi ukuhoxiswa kwezimvume zamahhala kuzothuthukisa izindleko zokuphuma zabakhiqizi.
Ngokwemininingwane etholakalayo, i-CBAM izosebenza ekuqaleni ku-Cement, ensimbi, i-aluminium, umanyolo, ugesi kanye ne-hydrogen. Inqubo yokukhiqiza yale mikhiqizo iyi-carbon-ebanzi futhi ingozi yokuvuza kwekhabhoni iphakeme, futhi kancane kancane izokwanda kwezinye izimboni esiteji esizayo. I-CBAM izoqala ukusebenza kwecala ngo-Okthoba 1, 2023, inesikhathi sokushintsha kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJanuwari 1, 2026 Intengo yezitifiketi izobalwa ngokususelwa kwintengo endalini yamasonto onke yama-EU ETS izibonelelo, ezivezwe ekuphumeni kwe-EUR / T CO2. Ngo-2026-2034, isigaba-ukuphuma kwezilinganiso zamahhala ngaphansi kwama-eu ets kuzokwenzeka ngokufana neCBAM.
Kuwo wonke amanani entengo yekhabhoni anciphisa kakhulu ukuncintisana kwamabhizinisi okuthumela ngaphandle futhi aluhlobo olusha lwesithiyo sokuhweba, esizoba nemithelela eminingi ezweni lami.
Okokuqala, izwe lami lingumlingani we-EU omkhulu wokuhweba kanye nomthombo omkhulu kakhulu wokungenisa impahla, kanye nomthombo omkhulu kakhulu wokukhishwa kwekhabhoni okuhlanganisiwe kusuka ekungenisweni kwe-EU. Ama-80% okukhishwa kwekhabhoni yemikhiqizo yezwe lami eliphakathi nendawo athunyelwa ku-EU aqhamuke ezinhlamvwini, amakhemikhali, namaminerali angewona ama-metallic, okungokwemikhakha enobungozi obuphezulu ye-EU Carbon Market. Lapho ifakiwe emthethweni wekhabhoni, izoba nomthelela omkhulu kokuthumela ngaphandle; Umsebenzi omningi wokucwaninga wenziwe ethonyeni lawo. Endabeni yedatha ehlukene nokucatshangelwa (okufana nokukhishwa kwemikhiqizo engenisiwe, ukuqina kwekhabhoni, nentengo yekhabhoni yemikhiqizo ehlobene), iziphetho zizohluka kakhulu. Ngokuvamile kuzwakala ukuthi ama-5-7% athengiswayo athengiswayo e-Europe azothinteka, futhi ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe e-CBAM eYurophu kuzokwehla ngo-11-13%; Izindleko zokuthekelisa eYurophu zizonyuka ngama-dollar angabalelwa ezigidini eziyi-100 kuya kwezingu-300 ngonyaka, aphendulele ngokuthumela imikhiqizo ye-CBAM e-Europe 1.6-4.8%.
Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, kudingeka sibone umthelela omuhle wenqubomgomo ye- "Carbon Latiff" ye-EU embonini yezwe lakuleli kanye nokwakhiwa kwemakethe yekhabhoni. Ukuthatha imboni yensimbi nensimbi njengesibonelo, kukhona igebe lethani elingu-1 phakathi kwenqanathi le-carbon yokuphuma kwe-carbon ngayinye ngethani lensimbi ne-EU. Ukwenza lokhu kukhipha igebe lokuphuma, i-Iron's Yezwe ne-Iron Enterprises idinga ukuthenga izitifiketi ze-CBAM. Ngokusho kokulinganisa, indlela ye-CBAM izoba nomthelela oneminyaka engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-16 kwivolumu yensimbi yezwe lami, ukukhulisa imali ekhokhiswayo cishe ngo-2.6 billion yuan, kwandise izindleko cishe nge-650 yuan nge-11%. Akungabazeki ukuthi lokhu kuzokwandisa ingcindezi yokuthumela emabhizinisini ensimbi yezwe lami kanye nensimbi futhi kukhuthaze ukuguqulwa kwabo ekuthuthukisweni kwekhabhoni ephansi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwakhiwa kwemakethe yezwe lami le-carbon kusekusencane, futhi sisahlola izindlela zokubonisa izindleko zokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngemakethe yekhabhoni. I-Carbon Price level yamanje ayikwazi ukukhombisa ngokugcwele izinga lamanani amabhizinisi asekhaya, futhi kusenezinto ezithile ezingezona amanani. Ngakho-ke, enqubweni yokwenza inqubomgomo ethi "Carbon Tarif Cariff", izwe lami kufanele liqinise ukuxhumana ne-EU, futhi libheke kahle ukubonakaliswa kwalezi zinto zezindleko. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi izimboni zezwe lami zingabhekana kangcono nezinselele lapho zibhekene "namanani entengo yekhabhoni", futhi ngasikhathi sinye zikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokwakhiwa kwemakethe yezwe lami le-carbon.
Ngakho-ke, izwe lethu, lokhu kuyithuba nenselelo. Amabhizinisi asekhaya adinga ukubhekana nobungozi, futhi izimboni zendabuko kufanele zincike ku- "Ukuthuthukiswa Kwekhwalithi kanye Nokuncishiswa Kwekhabhoni" ukuqeda imithelela. Ngasikhathi sinye, imboni yezobuchwepheshe ehlanzekile yezwe ingangenisela "emathubeni aluhlaza". I-CBAM kulindeleke ukuthi ikhuthaze ukuthunyelwa kwezimboni ezintsha zamandla anjenge-Photovoltaics eChina, kucatshangelwa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Europe kwezobuchwepheshe baseChina ukuthi batshale ubuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile bezamandla eYurophu.
Isikhathi Sokuposa: Meyi-19-2023